Entopeduncular nucleus function. Their findings lend order to chaos by revealing how .
Entopeduncular nucleus function. It is part of the telencephalon, but retains close functional ties with the subthalamus in the diencephalon Sep 5, 2024 · The entopeduncular nucleus (EP) is a major BG output nucleus that contains a population of GABA/glutamate cotransmitting neurons (EP Sst+) that specifically target the lateral habenula (LHb) and whose function in behavior remains mysterious. In this study we sought to understand how the rodent EPN might Jan 7, 2025 · Introduction The entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) is often termed as the output of the basal ganglia. the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) was investigated in the unilaterally 6-hyroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rat model of Parkinson’s disease (PD). 1 A). Accumulated reduction in REM sleep due to 4-day suppression of this circuit leads to increased anxiety levels and sensitivity to aversive stimuli. Thus the function ofthe corpus striatum maybe to disinhibit t thalamus. Their findings lend order to chaos by revealing how The entopeduncular nucleus (EP) is a major BG output nucleus and has been suggested to channel signals from distinct BG nuclei to target re-gions involved in diverse functions. However, the role of extrastriatal dopamine recept … Schematic illustration of the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) in the posterior hypothalamus, which sends axonal projections to all areas of the brain including the basal ganglia, where it modulates functions related to motor control. May 14, 2018 · The habenulae are part of a system that relays information from the telencephalon and entopeduncular nucleus in the forebrain to the interpeduncular nucleus and to the raphe nucleus located in the midbrain/hindbrain. However, it remains unclear how EP neurons encode information and how dopamine affects this process. The entopeduncular nucleus (EP) is a major BG output nucleus and has been suggested to channel signals from distinct BG nuclei to target re-gions involved in diverse functions. Mar 22, 2018 · Dopamine is critical for the normal functioning of the basal ganglia, modulating both input and output nuclei of this system. identify a novel REM sleep-regulating role of the entopeduncular nucleus (EP) → lateral habenula (LHb) circuit. Together with the external globus pallidus (GPe), it makes up one of the two segments of the globus pallidus, a structure that can decay with certain neurodegenerative disorders and is a The function of the nigro-striatal pathway on neuronal entropy in the basal ganglia (BG) output nucleus (entopeduncular nucleus, EPN) was investigated in the unilaterally 6-hyroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rat model of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In rodents, the entopeduncular nucleus (EP) is analogous to aa the GPi in primates and is located within the fibers of the into the underlying mechanisms of DBS. Jun 19, 2023 · The habenula-targeting neurons in the mouse entopeduncular nucleus contain not only somatostatin-positive neurons but also nitric oxide synthase-positive neurons. Alina Aug 24, 2005 · The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a key component of basal ganglia circuitry that mediates a variety of motor functions. Genetically distinct parallel pathways in the entopeduncular nucleus for limbic and sensorimotor output of the basal ganglia. However, the role of extrastriatal dopamine receptors in basal ganglia information processing is less clear. Dp is interconnected with the olfactory bulbs. Jul 8, 2024 · Introduction The entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) is often termed as the output of the basal ganglia. GABAlevels, high affinity GABAuptake ndglutamic acid decarboxylase levels are reduced in rat ventroanterolateral halamic nucleus after d struction ofthe entopeduncular nucleus with kainic acid. Mar 22, 2024 · The entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) is often termed as the output of the basal ganglia. May 6, 2025 · Wallace ML, Saunders A, Huang KW, et al. May 5, 2025 · We used diverse methods to characterize the role of avian SpL in basal ganglia motor function. In a patient with spinocerebellar ataxis, which is characterized by poor fine motor control and coordination, which GABA pathway is affected? GABAgeric neurons projecting to the globus pallidus GABAgeric neurons projecting to the sustantia nigra Purkinje cells projecting to deep cerebellar nuclei and the brainstem Neural pathway from the entopeduncular nucleus to the lateral habenula The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a major neuromodulation target for the alleviation of neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms using deep brain stimulation (DBS). Mar 31, 2021 · The entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) in rodents is one of the two major output nuclei of the basal ganglia and corresponds to the internal segment of the globus pallidus in primates. The GPi is one of the output nuclei of the basal ganglia (the other being the substantia nigra pars reticulata). Sep 27, 2024 · The terms “entopeduncular nucleus” and “internal globus pallidus” have often been interchangeably used in the murine literature, and both appear in different murine brain atlases. Connectivity analysis showed that SpL receives input from globus pallidus (GP), and the intrapeduncular nucleus (INP) located ventromedial to GP, whose Jun 15, 2012 · The entopeduncular nucleus (EPN), the homologue of the human globus pallidus internus, is extensively integrated in the CPST system. Apr 25, 2014 · The basal ganglia comprise two principal input nuclei, the striatum and the subthalamic nucleus (STN), and two principal output nuclei, the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) and the internal globus pallidus (GPi) (primates) which in cats and rodents is known as the entopeduncular nucleus ( Figure 1). The template of brain atlas was obtained from Allen Mouse Brain Atlas. Previous studies have shown that the EPN contains three types of neurons that project to different targets, namely, parvalbumin (PV)-, somatostatin (SOM)-, and choline acetyltransferase-positive neurons. Keywords: H2R; H3R; Parkinson’s disease; entopeduncular nucleus; histamine. (2017) provide an unprecedented view of the layers of molecular, cellular and circuit complexity involving a basal ganglia output structure, the entopeduncular nucleus. Read more related scholarly scientific articles and abstracts. In rodents, primates and humans, the dorsal striatum is essential for time keeping [12 – 14]. This study aimed to Apr 25, 2023 · These results also confirm that targeting H 2 R and its downstream HCN2 channel in EPN PV neurons and H 3 R in EPN-projecting STN Glu neurons may represent potential therapeutic strategies for the clinical treatment of parkinsonism-associated motor dysfunction. Here, we studied the anatomical The internal globus pallidus (GPi or medial globus pallidus) is one of the two subcortical nuclei that provides inhibitory output in the basal ganglia, the other being the substantia nigra pars reticulata. However, the mechanism by which the STN regulates motor Oct 21, 2011 · Globus pallidus (internal)/entopeduncular nucleus Globus pallidus (internal)/entopeduncular nucleus is one of the two output nuclei that receive inputs from other basal ganglia nuclei and provides output to external targets in the thalamus and brainstem. Recently, with the adoption of sophisticated genetic tools, substantial Abstract The function of the nigro-striatal pathway on neuronal entropy in the basal ganglia (BG) output nucleus, i. As a result, these models tend to focus on sensorimotor functions of the BG within the framework of the influential Mar 31, 2021 · The entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) in rodents is one of the two major output nuclei of the basal ganglia and corresponds to the internal segment of the globus pallidus in primates. Their findings lend order to chaos by revealing how Recently, Wallace et al. Apr 30, 2024 · Subthalamic nucleus but not entopeduncular nucleus deep brain stimulation enhances neurogenesis in the SVZ-olfactory bulb system of Parkinsonian rats Reviewer #2 (Public review): This paper examined how the activity of neurons in the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) of mice relates to kinematics, value, and reward. The entopeduncular nucleus (EP) is a major BG output nucleus that contains a population of GABA/glutamate cotransmitting neurons (EPSst+) that specifically target the lateral habenula (LHb) and whose function in behavior remains mysterious. Jan 21, 2025 · The entopeduncular nucleus (EP) is a major BG output nucleus that contains a population of GABA/glutamate cotransmitting neurons (EP Sst+) that specifically target the lateral habenula (LHb) and whose function in behavior remains mysterious. Jan 10, 2022 · The optogenetic inhibition of terminals from the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) to the LHb biases the mouse to nose poke in the light-paired reward port, an effect that was opposite with optogenetic Feb 10, 2014 · The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel The EntoPeduncular nucleus (EP), which is homologous to the internal segment of the Globus Pallidus (GPi) in primates, is one of the two basal ganglia (BG) output nuclei. Genetically Distinct Parallel Pathways in the Entopeduncular Nucleus for Limbic and Sensorimotor Output of the Basal Ganglia Wallace ML, Saunders A, Huang KW, Philson AC, Goldman M, Macosko EZ, McCarroll SA, Sabatini BL. The structures shaded dark green (prefrontal cortex, PFC; entopeduncular nucleus, EPN; suprachiasmatic nucleus, SCN; vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca, vDBB; and the lateral preoptic area, LPO) comprise major inputs of sensory, response, and internal state information to both medial (red) and lateral (blue) sectors of the LHb. The basal ganglia are a group of subcortial nuclei with highly converging anatomy that have been associated with motor and non-motor functions. Mar 13, 2024 · Function of neuronal HCN channels in basal ganglia nuclei. The entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) in rodents or the globus pallidus internus (GPi) in primates is located caudomedial to the striatum. Recently, Wallace et al. Here, we studied the Jan 1, 2016 · The cholinergic neuron-rich basal nucleus of Meynert is located between the ventral part of GPe and the internal capsule. The triato-entopeduncular pathway is also GABAergic. e. Dec 21, 2011 · The entopeduncular nucleus [purple in (B)] sends axons to the habenula in zebrafish, although the target of those axons within the habenula remains unclear. Jun 28, 2024 · Ba et al. The entopeduncular nucleus (EP) is a major BG output nucleus that contains a population of GABA/glutamate cotrans-mitting neurons (EPSst+) that specifically target the lateral habenula (LHb) and whose function in The entopeduncular nucleus is one of the basal ganglia's output nuclei, thereby controlling basal ganglia information processing. Subthalamic nucleus The subthalamic nucleus is a diencephalic gray matter portion of the basal ganglia, and the only portion of the ganglia that produces an excitatory neurotransmitter, glutamate. e Apr 30, 2024 · Subthalamic nucleus but not entopeduncular nucleus deep brain stimulation enhances neurogenesis in the SVZ-olfactory bulb system of Parkinsonian rats Jun 8, 2024 · The entopeduncular nucleus (EP) is a major BG output nucleus that contains a population of GABA/glutamate cotransmitting neurons (EP Sst+) that specifically target the lateral habenula (LHb) and whose function in behavior remains mysterious. Previous studies have shown that the EPN contains three types of neurons The entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) is defined as a brain structure that receives afferent connections from various limbic and basal ganglion structures and is involved in the regulation of dopaminergic and glutamatergic circuits, influencing behavioral responses to stimuli, including aversive responses to addictive drugs. The entopeduncular nucleus (EP) is a major BG output nucleus that contains a population of GABA/glutamate cotransmitting neurons (EP Sst+) that specifically target the lateral habenula (LHb) and whose function in behavior remains mysterious. The central region (Dc) defined here receives mainly projections from Dl-Dd and projects toward the pretectum and optic tectum, connections, which help to delimiting Dc. Abstract The basal ganglia (BG) are an evolutionarily conserved and phylogenetically old set of sub- cortical nuclei that guide action selection, evaluation, and reinforcement. The connections and function of the STh are, of course, much more complicated and its role in mediating basal ganglia function is central to some of the therapeutic treatment strategies for PD. the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) was investigated in the unilaterally 6-hyroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Jun 7, 2021 · Finally, circuit and functional mapping of STNGabrr3 neurons showed that these effects are mediated via projections to the globus pallidus/entopeduncular nucleus and substantia nigra reticulata. This nucleus receives input from the retina and pineal, responds to increase and decrease in ambient illumination, enables habenula responses to change in irradiance, and may function in light-evoked vertical migration. This trong evidence that GABA isan entopedunculothalamic neurotransmitter. However, we Feb 26, 2025 · The entopeduncular nucleus multiplexes motor and reward signals, with spatio-temporal coding more prominent than kinematic, both shaped by movement goals, challenging prevailing theories of basal ganglia function. Among these, somatostatin positive (Sst+) EP neurons project to the lateral habenula (LHb) and express the molecular machinery necessary to release glutamate and GABA (Wallace et al. The differences in connectivity suggest that there is a functional reciprocity in different areas of the PPN with regards to its inputs and outputs. The distribution and function of each of the five dopamine receptor subtypes have been studied extensively in the striatum. Jan 7, 2025 · Reviewer #2 (Public review): This paper examined how the activity of neurons in the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) of mice relates to kinematics, value, and reward. Mar 2, 2021 · The globus pallidus externa (GPe) functions as a central hub in the basal ganglia for processing motor and non-motor information through the creation of complex connections with the other basal ganglia nuclei and brain regions. Jan 7, 2025 · Neuroscience Basal ganglia output coding - entopeduncular nucleus - of contextual kinematics and reward in the freely moving mouse Nov 3, 2017 · A nucleus in the anterior thalamus of larval zebrafish innervates the dorsal left habenula. , 1994a). Apr 5, 2017 · Centers. Previous studies have shown that the EPN contains three types of To date, no previous study has reported or investigated cholinergic mechanisms of DBS. The authors recorded neural activity during an auditory cued two-alternative choice task, allowing them to examine how neuronal firing relates to specific movements like licking or paw movements, as well as how contextual factors Jun 7, 2021 · Finally, circuit and functional mapping of STNGabrr3 neurons showed that these effects are mediated via projections to the globus pallidus/entopeduncular nucleus and substantia nigra reticulata. Jun 3, 2025 · Background: The entopeduncular nucleus (EP), corresponding to the human globus pallidus internal segment, is a basal ganglia output nucleus, and plays a critical role in motor control. In rodents, the entopeduncular nucleus (EP) is analogous to the GPi in primates and is located within the fibers of the internal capsule (Nakanishi et al. Entopeduncular nucleus neurons integrate GABAergic inputs from the Striatum and the globus pallidus, together with glutamatergic inputs from the subthalamic nucleus. It receives input from the nucleus accumbens and the ventral pallidum, which are important regions for the modulation of PPI, especially with regard to dopamine (DA) function [20], [21], [22], [23], [24]. The STN neurons send glutamatergic projections to the output structures of basal ganglia, including the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) and the entopeduncular nucleus, and also innervate the globus pallidus (GP). Emerging studies reveal spatio-molecular heterogeneity leading to improved understanding of the organization of the STN and Apr 8, 2020 · The past decade has witnessed exponentially growing interest in the lateral habenula (LHb) owing to new discoveries relating to its critical role in regulating negatively motivated behaviour and The entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) is often termed as one of the output nuclei of the basal ganglia owing to their highly convergent anatomy. The image shows Histidine decarboxylase (HDC)‐immunoreactive neurons in the TMN with typical TMN cell morphology and long, HDC‐immunoreactive axons (Ms. The entopeduncular nucleus (EP) is a major BG output nucleus and has been suggested to channel signals from distinct BG nuclei to target regions involved in diverse functions. In Jan 10, 2024 · The subthalamic nucleus is a highly evolutionary conserved brain region. Substantia nigra, a key nucleus within the basal ganglia, functions as a regulatory agent. 1990). The role of the subthalamic nucleus is to stimulate the SNr–GPi complex and it is part of the indirect pathway. The rodent GPi is located caudal to the basal nucleus of Meynert and is partially encapsulated in the internal capsule, hence it is also called the entopeduncular nucleus. STN-DBS is today applied as treatment in Parkinson´s disease, dystonia, essential The internal globus pallidus (GPi or medial globus pallidus), and the external globus pallidus (GPe) make up the globus pallidus. Brain structure & function. In rodents its homologue is known as the entopeduncular nucleus. Most circuit-level schemes of BG organization describe the entopeduncular nucleus (EP in rodents or globus pallidus internus (GPi) in primates) as a homogenous group of neurons performing the same function of providing inhibitory input to thalamic nuclei to control movement. Here we use single-cell transcriptional and molecular analyses to Mar 15, 2021 · The authors define two functionally distinct external globus pallidus basal ganglia pathways and their differential contributions to motor and cognitive Parkinsonian deficits in mice. Jul 7, 2017 · SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The entopeduncular nucleus (EP), one of the basal ganglia (BG) output nuclei, is an important station in information processing in BG. (Review) link Dopamine is critical for the normal functioning of the basal ganglia, modulating both input and output nuclei of this system. It is one of the primary output nuclei of the basal ganglia along with the substantia nigra pars reticulata. It consists of two adjacent segments, one external (or lateral), known in rodents simply as the globus pallidus, and one internal (or medial). The function of the nigro-striatal pathway on neuronal entropy in the basal ganglia (BG) output nucleus, i. Carlos Slim Center for Health Research The Slim Center aims to bring the benefits of genomics-driven medicine to Latin America, gleaning new insights into diseases with r Abstract Dopamine is critical for the normal functioning of the basal ganglia, modulating both input and output nuclei of this system. Mar 27, 2024 · The entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) is often termed as one of the output nuclei of the basal ganglia owing to their highly convergent anatomy. Jan 1, 2024 · The striatum is the input nucleus of the basal ganglia (BG) and receives excitatory glutamatergic inputs from the cerebral cortex, while the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi; also called entopeduncular nucleus in rodents) and the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) are the output nuclei that project outside the BG (Fig. The basal ganglia, a subcortical structure, plays a crucial role in regulating motor function by processing information from and feeding it back to the cerebral cortex. Jun 16, 2022 · The LHb, as first described, is innervated by, the entopeduncular nucleus (erroneously identified as basal ganglia and nucleus accumbens), preoptic regions and septum 3. The authors recorded neural activity during an auditory cued two-alternative choice task, allowing them to examine how neuronal firing relates to specific movements like licking or paw movements, as well as how contextual factors Jul 7, 2011 · The EPN receives inhibitory input from the striatum, nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum, and additionally excitatory input from the subthalamic nucleus [3], [5], [15], [23], [24]. , 2017 ). link pdf Multi-transmitter neurons in the mammalian central nervous system Granger AJ, Wallace ML, Sabatini BL. The GABAergic neurons of the GPi send their axons to the ventral anterior nucleus (VA Jul 10, 2019 · The function of the nigro-striatal pathway on neuronal entropy in the basal ganglia (BG) output nucleus, i. Nov 26, 2021 · Inhibitory Afferents of The LHb The Globus Pallidus Internal Segment/Entopeduncular Nucleus The globus pallidus internal segment, or the analogous entopeduncular nucleus (EP) in rodents, is one of the primary afferent structures to the LHb. Feb 26, 2025 · The entopeduncular nucleus multiplexes motor and reward signals, with spatio-temporal coding more prominent than kinematic, both shaped by movement goals, challenging prevailing theories of basal ganglia function. Apr 5, 2011 · EP, entopeduncular nucleus; GPi, internal segment of the globus pallidus; IC, inferior colliculus; SC, superior colliculus; SN, substantia nigra; STN, subthalamic nucleus; VTA, ventral tegmental area. Jul 4, 2024 · Striatal control of cortical excitation and inhibition requires two distinct output pathways 8, 9: a direct pathway from the cortex to the striatum to the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) and The function of the nigro-striatal pathway on neuronal entropy in the basal ganglia (BG) output nucleus (entopeduncular nucleus, EPN) was investigated in the unilaterally 6-hyroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rat model of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The habenula-targeting neurons in the mouse entopeduncular nucleus contain not only somatostatin-positive neurons but also nitric oxide synthase-positive neurons. by Yuta Miyamoto, Takaichi Fukuda. Feb 3, 2022 · Co-transmitting neurons are found in the entopeduncular nucleus (EP), a basal ganglia nucleus comprising multiple neural populations. The rodent EPN has been implicated in reward and value coding whereas the primate analogue internal Globus Pallidus has been found to be modulated by some movements and in some circumstances. Mar 17, 2021 · The entopeduncular nucleus is one of the basal ganglia's output nuclei, thereby controlling basal ganglia information processing. These issues are addressed in detail below (see “The subthalamic nucleus” below). Despite their importance in cortico-BG information processing, EP neurons have rarely been investigated in rats and Sep 27, 2017 · Lateral hypothalamus GPb (Globus pallidus border); other cells in pallidal region Entopeduncular nucleus (excitatory projection) (Main pathway in rats; in monkeys peri-pallidal cells and lateral hypothalamus appear to be the main inputs) Olfactory tubercule Vertical limb of diagonal band nucleus Lateral preoptic area SN pars reticulata Cortical information is transferred to the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) and the entopeduncular nucleus (EP), the output structures of the basal ganglia (BG), through three different pathways: the hyperdirect trans-subthalamic and the The entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) in rodents or the globus pallidus internus (GPi) in primates is located caudomedial to the striatum. The globus pallidus (GP), also known as paleostriatum or dorsal pallidum, [1] is a major component of the subcortical basal ganglia in the brain. The rodent EPN has been implicated in reward and value coding whereas the primate analog internal Globus The entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) in rodents is one of the two major output nuclei of the basal ganglia and corresponds to the internal segment of the globus pallidus in primates. In both control subjects and subjects with 6-OHDA lesion of dopamine (DA) the nigro-striatal pathway, a histological hallmark for . Rostral Dm projects to the dorsal entopeduncular nucleus. The lateral hypothalamus (LH) also provides strong input In particular, the entopeduncular nucleus (EN) has been identified as equivalent to the mammalian globus pallidus internal segment (GPi), which gives rise to the BG output to the thalamus and habenula [4, 11]. The entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) and substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) constitute the output nuclei of the basal ganglia, but studies on the EPN are limited compared with those on the SNr. We here investigated whether excitotoxic lesions of the rat entopeduncular nucleus (EPN), the equivalent to the human globus pallidus internus (GPi Oct 1, 2020 · Effect of subthalamic nucleus or entopeduncular nucleus lesion on levodopa-induced neurochemical changes within the basal gnaglia and on levodopa-induced motor alterations in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats To date, no previous study has reported or investigated cholinergic mechanisms of DBS. However, the impact of EP damage on skilled motor function and the relationship between its damage in stroke, such as internal capsule hemorrhage (ICH), and motor dysfunction remains unclear. Dopamine-induced hyperactivity and deficient sensorimotor gating, measured as prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response (ASR), are used as animal models for neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and Tourette's syndrome. However, we The entopeduncular nucleus (EP) is a major BG output nucleus and has been suggested to channel signals from distinct BG nuclei to target re-gions involved in diverse functions. RMTg, rostromedial tegmental nucleus; SNc, substantia nigra, pars compacta; VTA, ventral tegmental area. The external globus pallidus (GPe) is principally an intrinsic structure that receives Sep 5, 2024 · The entopeduncular nucleus (EP) is a major BG output nucleus that contains a population of GABA/glutamate cotransmitting neurons (EP Sst+) that specifically target the lateral habenula (LHb) and whose function in behavior remains mysterious. The nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum have already been shown to play important roles in the modulation of PPI with regard to DA function. Both nuclei receive projections from the striatum with axons containing substance P (SP) and cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1R), and immunoreactivities for these substances show complementary patterns Apr 5, 2017 · The entopeduncular nucleus (EP) is a major BG output nucleus and has been suggested to channel signals from distinct BG nuclei to target regions involved in diverse functions. BG, basal ganglia; DRN, dorsal raphe nucleus; EPN, entopeduncular nucleus; GPe, globus pallidus externa; Lhx6, LIM homeobox 6; PPN, pedunculopontine nucleus; PV, Parvalbumin; SNc, substantia nigra pars compacta; SNr, substantia nigra pars reticulata; STN, subthalamic nucleus. Most circuit-level schemes of BG organization describe the entopeduncular nucleus (EP in rodents or globus pallidus internus [GPi] in primates) as a homogeneous group of neurons performing the same function of providing inhibitory input to thalamic nuclei to control movement. Apr 5, 2017 · The entopeduncular nucleus (EP) is a major BG output nucleus and has been suggested to channel signals from distinct BG nuclei to target regions involved in diverse functions. The afferent fibres from the telencephalon/ entopeduncular nucleus reach the habenulae via the stria medullaris. Entopeduncular nucleus neurons integrate GABAergic inputs from the Striatum and the globus pallidus, together with The basal ganglia (BG) integrate inputs from diverse sensorimotor, limbic, and associative regions to guide action-selection and goal-directed behaviors. In both control subjects and subjects with 6-OHDA lesion of dopamine (DA) the nigro-striatal pathway, a histological hallmark for Feb 26, 2025 · This valuable study reports on electrophysiological recording of the spiking activity of single neurons in the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) in freely-moving mice performing an auditory The latter represent most probably the GABAergic terminals from the reticular thalamic nucleus and the substantia nigra pars reticulata and/or the entopeduncular nucleus (Sawyer et al. rfe1gl ft auocn7 iwo j7hiq3 sywu xcei tf2oq5t nofnhlr sejwdm